基于恒压变流控制的变量喷雾试验研究

针对变量喷雾过程中引起压力变化的问题,为研究其中压力稳定性现象,利用PID恒压控制和PWM变流控制相结合的方法,建立了恒压变流喷雾试验台。在试验台上进行恒压控制试验、喷雾角测量和雾量分布测量试验,从而验证所搭建的恒压变流喷雾装置的恒压稳定性。结果表明:在喷雾流量发生变化时,试验装置能使喷头的喷雾角和雾量分布稳定在固定范围内。     

断奶对仔猪肠道屏障的影响及营养调控

在集约化养殖中,3~4周龄早期断奶是仔猪生命周期中一个非常紧张的时期,此时仔猪胃肠道还未发育成熟。肠道屏障由上皮、免疫和肠神经系统组成,这些系统控制上皮屏障的完整性以及肠道功能,包括肠腔营养物质、水和电解质的运输。早期断奶导致肠道通透性增加,出现胃肠功能紊乱的情况,可能对猪只一生产生长期的影响。因此,仔猪断奶饲粮需要正确水平的营养素、营养源和高质量的添加剂,鼓励仔猪快速进食,减轻或消除断奶应激综合症,降低死亡率和发病率。养猪就是养"肠道",合理使用功能性氨基酸、植物化学物质和有机酸等添加剂,能够修复由于断奶应激综合症导致的肠道屏障功能障碍。     

2018—2020年四川省兽医系统实验室检测能力比对

为评估四川省兽医系统实验室检测能力和水平，2018—2020年四川省动物疫病预防控制中心组织全省21个地市（州）级兽医实验室开展了检测能力比对。结果显示：2018—2020年全省整体平均正确率分别为95.59%、97.09%和97.88%，说明四川省地市（州）级兽医实验室检测能力处于较高水平，能满足非洲猪瘟、禽流感等重大动物疫病检测需要。同时，部分实验室也反映出一些问题，如设备差、检测水平不高、检测报告不规范等。建议加大兽医实验室建设力度，更新完善检测设施设备；加强实验室技术人员培训，提升其检测能力和水平；同时继续推进兽医系统实验室考核工作，加强比对考核。     

优质棉中棉所127与高衣分材料杂交分离群体纤维产量和品质表型评价及典型相关分析

以纤维品质优异的陆地棉品种中棉所127为父本，以高衣分品系GH07-44为母本，构建了F₂和F_2:3分离群体，并对F₂和F_2:3群体的产量和纤维品质性状进行表型评价及典型相关分析。结果发现，分离群体各性状存在丰富的遗传变异和超亲分离，变异系数为1.15%～15.19%；F₂群体中铃重的变异系数最大，2个世代中纤维成熟度指数的变异系数均最小。超高亲比例为1.71%～66.86%，其中F_2:3群体马克隆值的超高亲比例最高，2个世代中最小的超高亲比例性状均为上半部平均长度。简单相关分析表明：衣分与马克_{隆值、成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与上半部平均长度、长度整齐度指数呈极显著负相关；铃重与马克隆值呈极显著正相关，与F}2群体的成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与F_2:3群体的成熟度指数呈显著正相关。典型相关分析表明，产量性状组与纤维品质性状组间存在相关关系，主要表现在衣分与上半部平均长度呈负相关、与马克隆值呈正相关，随着世代的增加，产量和品质性状的相关性降低，因此实现产量和纤维品质同步改良虽有一定难度但有可能实现。本研究筛选出2个世代衣分均超过43%且纤维品质较好的材料9个（马克隆值均值＜4.5、上半部平均长度均值＞30 mm），为棉花产量和纤维品质的同步改良提供了基础材料。     

俄罗斯与哈萨克斯坦农业支持水平及支持政策比较研究

俄罗斯与哈萨克斯坦是欧亚经济联盟的重要成员国,是丝绸之路经济带上的重要国家,分析两国农业支持水平和支持政策,有助于推动丝绸之路经济带建设与欧亚经济联盟有效对接。本文运用OECD(经济合作与发展组织)政策评价方法通过比较分析俄哈两国农业支持水平和支持政策,发现两国农业支持政策措施相同点多、差异性少。相同点是两国农业总体支持水平均呈上升趋势,对生产者的支持均以直接补贴为主,优惠信贷支持、补贴、税收优惠和价格支持是两国主要政策支持措施。差异性主要体现在支持水平的变化趋势以及支持政策的具体实施上。     

一株耐铝甜瓜枯萎病拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及其耐铝特性研究

从甜瓜根际酸性土壤中分离筛选到1株耐铝甜瓜枯萎病拮抗菌，命名为A2。根据表型、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析，将其鉴定为Pseudomonas sp.。菌株A2对甜瓜枯萎病病原菌的相对防效为68.3%，且拮抗能力具有遗传稳定性。相比AlCl3处理，菌株A2对Al2(SO4)3表现出了更好的耐受性，最高可耐受50mmol/L Al3+。在含有A13+的S-LB培养基中，菌株最适生长温度为30 ℃；培养基初始pH值的降低会加剧A13+对菌株A2的毒害作用。研究结果可为含活性铝的酸性土壤中甜瓜枯萎病的生物防治提供优良菌株资源和理论基础。     

Effects of adding sucrose on Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) growth performance and water quality in a biofloc system

A 60‐day indoor growth trial was conducted to study the effects of biofloc on the growth performance of a Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798), water quality and biological indicators including biofloc volume, chlorophyll‐a, heterotrophic bacteria and Bacillus quantity. Two concentrations of sucrose (0 and 75%) were added daily to the P. monodon culture systems (2.94 ± 0.11 g), which were conducted indoors in fibre‐glass tanks (500 L). Results showed that the final body weight and weight gain of the adding 75% sucrose group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control, as well as significantly (P < 0.05) improved specific growth rates and survival rates, and reduced feed coefficient. Adding 75% sucrose promoted heterotrophic bacteria, Bacillus and phytoplankton reproduction, and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the concentration of ammonia‐N (NH₄‐N), nitrite‐N (NO₂‐N) and nitrate‐N (NO₃‐N). The changes of water quality indicators in the two groups showed the similar trend at the end of the experiment, and the ammonia‐N, nitrite‐N, nitrate‐N and phosphate‐P concentrations in the 75% sucrose group were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the control group, Chlorophyll‐a concentrations peaked at 389.12 μg/L in the biofloc sucrose group at 18:00 h, and heterotrophic bacteria peaked 8 h after sucrose was added. The addition of sucrose also reduced the pH of the water. Our research showed that adding sucrose promoted biofloc formation and shortened the formation time; increased the number of heterotrophic bacteria and algae which might play a role in improving water quality by assimilating ammonia‐N and other harmful substances in the water; supplemented food for P monodon growth; and reduced the feed coefficient.     

Effects of replacing fish meal with rubber seed meal on growth,nutrient utilization,and cholesterol metabolism of tilapia (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis> × <Emphasis Type="Italic">O. aureus</Emphasis>)

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with rubber seed meal (RSM) on growth, nutrient utilization, and cholesterol metabolism of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus). Five experimental diets were formulated with 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 g kg^?1 RSM replacing graded levels of fish meal, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 fish (initial average weight 65.3 g) per aquarium in a rearing system maintained at 29 ± 1 °C for 8 weeks. Dietary 150 g kg^?1 RSM inclusion did not affect the weight gain and daily growth coefficient, whereas these were depressed by a further inclusion. Additionally, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not affected by dietary RSM inclusion regardless of inclusion level. However, the inclusion of 450 and 600 g kg^?1 RSM decreased the mid-intestinal trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities; the hepatic acyl-CoA/cholesterol acyl transferase; low-density lipoprotein receptor; and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase activities. Similarly, dietary 600 g kg^?1 RSM inclusion inhibited the plasma catalase and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activities. These results indicated that 150 g kg^?1 RSM can be included in tilapia diets, whereas higher inclusion of RSM inhibited the growth rate, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, and cholesterol metabolism.     

三疣梭子蟹多克隆抗体与4种经济蟹类血细胞交叉反应的研究

采用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜技术、免疫印迹技术和流式细胞术3种方法对鼠抗三疣梭子蟹血细胞多克隆抗体与黄道蟹、日本蟳、中华绒螯蟹、勘察加帝王蟹血细胞的免疫交叉反应进行分析。激光共聚焦扫描显微镜结果表明,该抗体与黄道蟹、日本蟳、勘察加帝王蟹、中华绒螯蟹血细胞均发生了免疫交叉反应,且发生反应的抗原决定簇均位于细胞膜上;流式细胞术测定该抗体与黄道蟹颗粒血细胞和透明血细胞交叉反应阳性率最高,分别为99.45%、98%,与中华绒螯蟹颗粒血细胞和透明血细胞交叉反应阳性率最低,阳性率分别为81.34%、78.56%;免疫印迹结果显示该抗体与日本蟳血细胞结合的蛋白分子量是80、38.5ku;与勘察加帝王蟹血细胞结合的蛋白分子量是80、93ku;与中华绒螯蟹血细胞结合的蛋白分子量是82、41、30ku;与黄道蟹血细胞结合的蛋白分子量是70、43ku。     

Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels with Different Protein‐to‐Energy Ratios on Growth,Feed Utilization,and Plasma Biochemical Parameters of Dianchi Golden‐line Barbell,Sinocyclocheilus grahami

An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying dietary protein and lipid levels with different protein‐to‐energy (P/E) ratios on growth, feed utilization, and plasma biochemical parameters of Sinocyclocheilus graham. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (35, 40, and 45%), and each with three lipid levels (4, 8, and 12%), to produce a range of P/E ratios from 71.31 to 98.64 mg protein/kcal. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 fish. Fish grew best when fed the diet containing 45% protein and 12% lipid. However, fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 8% lipid had similar weight gain and specific growth rate as those fed the above diet but showed relatively better feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein and energy retentions. Additionally, plasma total amino acids and blood urea nitrogen contents and γ‐glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities in fish fed the diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid were relatively low among the dietary treatments. These results may indicate that a diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid with P/E ratio of 84.05 mg protein/kcal would be suitable for the optimal growth, feed utilization, and health of S. graham.